Robust Image Watermarking Based on Lifting Wavelet Transfrom-Hessenberg Decomposition for Copyright Protection

Abstract

 The modern internet technology enables unauthorized individuals to alter the content of digital
images. This work introduces a method for enhancing the robustness of an embedded watermark in images using
Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Hessenberg Decomposition. This study utilizes Hessenberg Decomposition
(HD) to insert a watermark image into the LL-sub band of the LWT transform. Singular Value Decomposition
(SVD) is employed to convert the H value of HD. Subsequently, the watermark image is put into the singular
value. The suggested system underwent testing against a range of image processing assaults, including
compression, filters, and noise additions. The testing was conducted using multiple watermark sizes, specifically
256×256, 128×128, and 64×64 pixels. The experimental results demonstrate exceptional imperceptibility, with an
average PSNR value of 39.5640 dB and a SSIM value of 0.9993. The results demonstrate a high level of resilience,
as indicated by the NC value of 0.96390.